Clean Water Act (CWA)

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primarily enforces the Clean Water Act (CWA), regulating pollution of streams, lakes, estuaries and coastal waters of the United States.
   
• U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE),through its regulatory program, administers and enforces Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (RHA) and with EPA, section 404 of the CWA.
   
• EPA's Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) preside over administrative penalty cases brought by EPA against persons whom EPA believes have violated the CWA in some way, often for discharging pollutants or filling wetlands without a permit.
   
• EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) has the authority to review challenges to CWA penalties and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by EPA.
   
• Research on CWA issues involves locating primary materials: statutes, codes, legislative history documents, regulations, and decisions.
   
• Secondary materials (commentary on the law--law review articles, treatises, and newsletters) discuss and provide citations to important primary materials.

Clean Water Act (Office of Law Revision Counsel, U.S. Code)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers